Coins of 
Portugal

Portuguese: República Portuguesa, Mirandese: República Pertuesa

real (plural: réis or reais) [???] (from 1430-1911)
100 centavos (single: centavo) = 1 Portuguese escudo (plural: escudos) [PTE] (1911-2002)
100 cents (single: cent) = 1 euro (plural: euro) [EUR]
Symbols: $ (escudo),  € (euro)

Languages on coins: Portuguese
Alphabets on coins: Latin
Numerals on coins: Roman, Western Arabic
Calendars on coins: Gregorian

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Identify year on Roman coins

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Mint Marks

Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda S.A., Lisbon (PRT), "INCM"

Designer Marks

Venancio Pedro Macedo Alves (?): "ALVES"

José Aurelio (PRT): "AURÉLIO"

Jaime Martins Barata (PRT): "MARTINS BARATA DEL."

Note: "del" is short for the Portuguese 'delineou' meaning 'designed'

Hélder Batista (PRT): "H.BATISTA"

Frederico Augusto de Campos (?): "F.A.C."

José Cândido (PRT): "JOSÉ CANDIDO" and "J.CANDIDO"

Isabel Carriço & Fernando Branco (?): "ISABEL C.-F.BRANCO" or "ISABEL C. F. BRANCO"

Luc Luycx (BEL): Superimposed "LL"

António Marinho (PRT): "A.M." or "A.MARINHO"

Marcelino Norte de Almeida (PRT): "NORTE D'ALMEDIA" or "M. NORTE SCULP."

Alves Domingo Rego (?): "REGO GR."

Note: "GR" is the abbreviation for 'gravador', which is Portuguese for engraver

Vitór Manuel Fernandes dos Santos (PRT): "VS" 

José Simões de Almeida (PRT): "SIMOES"

Giorgos Stamatopoulos (GRC): Greek capital letters gamma and sigma, "ΓΣ" 

José Teixeira (?): "JOSÉ TEIXEIRA"

Rui Vasquez (PRT): "R. VASQUEZ"

Euclides Vaz (PRT): "E. VAZ"

Irene Vilar (PRT): stylized "Vilar"

National identification and other marks

Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Portugal in a simpler (left) or a more stylized form (right) consists of a silver shield with the quinas: 5 blue shields in a form of a cross each with 5 bezants (coins) placed in a form of a cross. Around the silver shield a red border with 7 golden castles with blue (open) gates is shown. This shield can also be seen on the national flag of Portugal.

Drawing of the coat of arms of Portugal as it appears on coins

Photograph of the coat of arms of Portugal as it appears on coins

Photograph of the coat of arms of Portugal as it appears on coins

Edge Marks

Weapon, Capital letter "D"

The 5 letters "D" seen on the edge of the 2 euro coin of Portugal represent the coats of arms which also can be seen on the national coat of arms. 

Castle

Seven castles can bee seen on the edge of the 2 euro coin of Portugal. The can be traced to the national coat of arms, where they (supposedly) represent the castles conquered on the Moors.

Latin abbreviated inscriptions

LUDOVICUS + I + DEI + GRATIA
Latin: Ludovicus Dei Gratia
English: Luis I, by the Grace of God

PORTUGALIÆ·ET·ALGARBIORUM·REX
Latin: Portugaliae et Algarbiorum Rex
English: King of Portugal and Algarve